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Zero Upfront Cost Solar

Commercial Solar PPA California

Pay less for electricity from day one with no capital investment. A Power Purchase Agreement puts commercial solar on your roof at zero upfront cost. Keen Energy handles the design and installation.

$0

Upfront Cost

Day 1

Savings Begin

20-25

Year Terms

How a Commercial Solar PPA Works

A Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) is a financing structure where a third-party developer owns the solar system on your building. You buy the electricity it produces at a rate lower than what you currently pay your utility. The result: lower electricity bills from day one with zero capital outlay.

1

PPA Provider Finances the System

A PPA developer provides the capital to purchase and own the solar system. They take the federal tax credit (ITC) and depreciation benefits. You pay nothing upfront. The PPA provider assumes the financial risk of system ownership.

2

Keen Energy Designs and Installs

As the EPC contractor, Keen Energy handles all engineering, procurement, and construction. We design the system for your specific building, source the equipment, and install it with our in-house C-10 licensed electrical crews. The quality of the installation is identical whether you purchase or go PPA.

3

You Buy Power at a Lower Rate

Once the system is operational, you purchase the electricity it generates at a pre-agreed rate that is lower than your current utility rate. The PPA rate is locked in for the term of the agreement, protecting you from future utility rate increases.

4

PPA Provider Handles Maintenance

Because the PPA provider owns the system, they are responsible for monitoring, maintenance, and repairs throughout the agreement term. If a panel fails or an inverter needs replacement, it is their cost, not yours.

5

End-of-Term Options

At the end of the PPA term (typically 20 to 25 years), you usually have three options: purchase the system at fair market value, extend the agreement, or have the system removed at the PPA provider's expense. Most businesses choose to purchase the system because it still has 5 to 10 years of useful life remaining.

PPA vs. Direct Purchase

Both paths lead to lower electricity costs. The right choice depends on your financial situation, tax position, and business goals.

Power Purchase Agreement

Zero upfront cost. No capital expenditure. Nothing on the balance sheet.

Immediate savings. Lower electricity rate from day one.

No maintenance responsibility. PPA provider handles all system upkeep.

No tax credit needed. PPA provider captures the ITC.

Predictable costs. Fixed or near-fixed rate for the agreement term.

Best for: Nonprofits, municipalities, businesses with limited capital, companies that cannot use the tax credit.

Direct Purchase

Maximum long-term savings. No PPA rate - you own the power.

30% federal tax credit. Directly reduces your tax liability.

MACRS depreciation. Accelerated 5-year depreciation schedule.

Full ownership. Asset on your balance sheet that increases property value.

No term limitations. System produces for 25 to 30+ years.

Best for: Profitable businesses with tax liability, companies with available capital, long-term building owners.

How We Fit In

Keen Energy's Role in Your PPA

Keen Energy is not a PPA provider. We are the EPC contractor that designs and builds the system. We partner with established PPA developers and financiers who provide the capital and own the asset. Here is how the relationship works:

PPA Provider

Provides financing, owns the system, captures the tax credit, handles long-term maintenance contracts, and sells you electricity at a reduced rate.

Keen Energy

Designs, engineers, procures, and constructs the solar system. Handles all permitting and utility interconnection. Delivers a turnkey installation to the PPA provider's and your specifications.

Building Owner (You)

Provides the roof or land, buys the electricity at a reduced rate, enjoys lower bills from day one with zero capital investment. Gains purchase option at end of term.

Common Questions About PPA Terms

PPAs work well for many businesses, but they come with commitments. Here are the questions we hear most often and straightforward answers.

How long is the roof lease? Can I get out early? +
Most commercial solar PPAs run 20 to 25 years. This is a long-term commitment because the PPA provider needs time to recover their investment. Early termination is possible but typically involves a buyout payment calculated based on remaining value. Before signing, you should understand the buyout formula and make sure it works for your business planning horizon.
What happens if I sell the building? +
When you sell a building with a PPA, the agreement transfers to the new building owner. Most buyers see this as a benefit because they inherit lower electricity rates. However, some buyers may not want the obligation, which is why the PPA should be disclosed during the sale process. Alternatively, you can buy out the PPA before selling and include the system in the building sale price.
What about annual escalator rates? +
Most PPAs include an annual escalator of 1% to 3% on the electricity rate. This means your PPA rate increases slightly each year. The key question is whether that escalated rate stays below what the utility would charge you. Historically, California utility rates have increased 3% to 7% annually, so a 1-3% PPA escalator still saves money compared to staying on the grid without solar. Some PPAs offer flat rates with no escalator, though the starting rate is usually higher.
Who owns the system at the end of the term? +
The PPA provider owns the system throughout the agreement. At the end of the term, you typically have three options: purchase the system at fair market value (often very favorable after 20+ years), extend the PPA at a renegotiated rate, or have the PPA provider remove the system at their expense. Most building owners purchase the system because it still has years of production capacity remaining and the price is low relative to its value.
What if my roof needs repairs during the PPA term? +
This is addressed in the PPA agreement. Typically, the PPA provider coordinates and covers the cost of removing and reinstalling panels if your roof needs repair. Some agreements require you to cover the removal and reinstallation cost. This is an important detail to negotiate before signing. We also recommend assessing roof condition during the initial evaluation. If your roof needs replacement in the near term, it makes sense to do that before installing solar.

Who PPAs Work Best For

Nonprofits and Churches

Tax-exempt organizations cannot use the federal tax credit. A PPA lets a third party capture the credit and pass the savings to you through a lower electricity rate. This is often the only way nonprofits can benefit from solar economics.

Municipalities and Schools

Government entities and school districts face the same tax credit limitation as nonprofits. PPAs have become the standard financing structure for public-sector solar projects across California.

Capital-Constrained Businesses

If your capital is better deployed in your core business, a PPA frees up cash while still lowering your electricity costs. You get the benefit of solar without tying up six or seven figures in a roof asset.

Multi-Location Operators

Businesses with multiple buildings can roll out solar across their portfolio through PPA structures without massive capital deployment. Each location gets its own system and agreement.

Building Owners with Strong Credit

PPA providers evaluate the creditworthiness of the building owner and the tenant. Strong credit scores and long lease terms make it easier to qualify for favorable PPA rates.

Businesses Focused on ESG

Companies with sustainability commitments can add on-site solar generation to their ESG reporting without capital allocation. The PPA provides clean energy documentation for corporate sustainability goals.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a solar PPA? +
A solar Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) is a contract where a third-party developer owns and maintains a solar system on your building. You agree to buy the electricity it produces at a rate lower than your utility rate. There is no upfront cost. The PPA provider benefits from tax credits and system ownership. You benefit from lower electricity costs.
How much can a PPA save my business? +
Savings depend on your current utility rate, the PPA rate offered, and your electricity consumption. Most California commercial PPA customers see 10% to 30% savings compared to their utility rate in year one. Over the life of the agreement, cumulative savings often reach hundreds of thousands of dollars as utility rates continue to rise while PPA escalators remain modest.
Does Keen Energy provide PPAs directly? +
No. Keen Energy is the EPC contractor that designs and installs the solar system. We partner with PPA providers and developers who finance and own the asset. This separation of roles is standard in commercial solar. The PPA provider focuses on financing, and we focus on building a high-quality system. Contact us and we will connect you with the right PPA partner for your project.
What is the minimum system size for a commercial PPA? +
Most PPA providers require a minimum system size of 100 to 200 kW, which translates to roughly $200,000 to $500,000 in system value. Smaller systems are harder to finance through PPAs because the transaction costs are similar regardless of project size. If your system falls below this threshold, a solar loan or direct purchase may be a better path.
Can I combine a PPA with battery storage? +
Yes. Many PPA providers now include battery storage in their offerings, especially in California where time-of-use rates make batteries financially attractive. The battery stores excess solar energy during the day and discharges it during peak rate hours, maximizing the value of the solar system. Battery inclusion depends on the PPA provider and your site's demand profile.

Explore Your PPA Options

Not sure if a PPA or direct purchase is right for your business? We will model both scenarios with real numbers for your property. No obligation, no pressure.